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Uʟᴛɪᴍᴀᴛᴇ IGCSE Nᴏᴛᴇs ﹐ E﹣Bᴏᴏᴋs ᴀɴᴅ Rᴇsᴏᴜʀᴄᴇs ᴴᴰ

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shoaib672002

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shoaib672002 said:
Centre of mass experiment (with the lamina): How to minimize inaccuracy when marking the lines : you view the string directly in front of card.

Why angle i is NOT equale to angle r in ray experiment:

- thickness of pins
-thickness of mirror
-protractor is not precise

In an experiment to do with the cooling of water, there are certain things which must be kept the same:

- initial temp.
-thickness of test-tubes ( more heat lost when thinner etc.)
-vol. of water
-thickness of cotton wool
-depth of the thermometer in the water
-avoid droughts


Examples of insulators that you can wrap things with:
-bubble wrap
-fiberglass
Styrofoam is a good insulator , however you cannot wrap it around things as it breaks easily.

inaccuracy of ray box method: thickness of rays.
inaccuracy of pin method: pins not straight, or too close, or thickness of lines drawn.

Symbol for extension is 'x' or 'e'.

A ruler is called a 'rule'.

ALWAYS ROUND TO 3.SIG.FIGS.

To improve accuracy, put pins in the light ray experiment FURTHER APART to avoid parallax error. So, I ------ I --------- I is better than I I I (where I is the pins)

Precautions for circuit readings of I and V so that accurate:

For I specifically :
-limit current so that temp. doesn't increase
-use a tapping meter

For I and V: Switch off between readings.

θ this is the symbol for Celsius temp. (theta)
T this is the symbol for Kelvin temp.

In light ray experiment, lengths are in mm.


Fair test for pendelum experiments:
-length of pendelum
-shape of bob
-no. of swings
-amplitude

If a statement is 'directly proportional', the justification would always be , ''straight line that goes through the origin''.

If you're comparing the extensions of springs of different materials, certain things have to be the same:
-the cross-section of the springs
-the length of the springs
-the room temperature


How to reduce the heating effect of current:

-Add a variable resistor
-reduce current
-reduce voltage or power
-switch off between readings

Precautions for focal length experiments:
-do it in a darkened room
-clamp ruler to bench
-avoid parallax error when reading the lengths
-make sure that the obejct/lense/screen are all perpendicular to bench.
-and of course, repeats.

A question one came up and asked to draw a diagram of a load on a ruler on a pivot. Well, this meant that the ruler was unbalanced, and so this means that when you draw it, you must show that the ruler is tilted.

DON'T FORGET TO WRITE DOWN THE UNITS AFTER EACH ANSWER!!!

An important precaution for spring experiments is to wait for the spring to stop moving and then record the length.

ALL RIGHTS TO ITS OWNER!!!
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shoaib672002 said:
Have exams coming Up so wont be able to do that All I have is on the first page though this might help u
http://www.scribd.com/doc/86342059/IGCSE-Physics-Density
http://www.scribd.com/doc/86350848/IGCSE-Physics-Mass-Weight
http://www.scribd.com/doc/86350218/IGCSE-Physics-Length-and-Time
http://www.scribd.com/doc/93638706/IGCSE-Physics-notes
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shoaib672002 said:
BIOLOGY p6 TIPS

-Drawing: you will be asked to draw diagrams of fruits, insects..etc. in the exam. Make sure it's in pencil, drawn to the correct size, has definite outlines (no 'sketchy' lines), no shading, no arrow heads when labelling and make sure lines point exactly at the labelled part.

-Comparisons: Make sure the points you use to compare diagrams are visible in the diagrams. Use labels on the diagrams as your guide. And don't compare sizes unless you're given a scale. You can compare numbers shape and proportional sizes.

-Designing an experiment:
*Find the variable which is to be changed (from the question) and mention how you are going to change it (ex: to change temperature, use thermometer-controlled water bath at temperatures 10 to 50 degree Celsius).
*List all variables that you have to keep constant throughout the experiment (ex: room temperature, volume of water, insect species). Make sure there's only one variable for the investigation.
*Mention how long your experiment will last.
*Say how you will measure experiments' results (ex: if you're examining presence of starch, say that the food sample which turns the iodine solution a deeper blue contains more starch)
*Finally: say 'repeat experiment to get more reliable results and minimise error. It's guaranteed to gain you marks.
*If you can, set a control for your experiment. (ex: use boiled enzyme in an experiment to test for enzyme activity)

-Drawing a graph: take care of labels of axes, units, scale, using 'cuts' if needed. Always join points using a ruler unless asked to do otherwise (ex: line of best fit)

-Remember the rule: magnification: drawing/real

-Make sure you know how to test for the presence of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, starch, reducing sugar, proteins, fats, acid and alkali.

-Look at the experiments in the past papers and make sure you understand them well, as this will help you a lot.

Finally, try answering a couple of exams from the past papers. They're sure to give you a good idea of what to expect tomorrow, and will certainly boost your confidence :).
Here's a link to the Biology past papers: http://www.xtremepapers.net/CIE/index.ph...
Just click on 'Cambridge IGCSE' and then choose 'Biology'.

Well..guess that's all. You're now good to go! :)
Best of luck! :)
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CIE changes the pattern of papers every 2 to 3 years , this year the batch (also known as the unlucky batch) will face a new paper with new pattern , no change in syllabus though but the style and approach will be different
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A

awesomaholic101

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DeadlYxDemon said:
Do u knw I got the practical SFs one day before the exam of P2 and even solved files from someone...:LOL:
And in p3, some one told me everything what came nd the functions too...:p
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ur not helpin u kno dat?

iamservantofALLAH said:
After the disaster in the IGCSE ICT Practical Exams (Paper 31 particularly), I've become very demoralized! :(
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if ur alredy lukin forward to failure.. then even easy questions will seem difficult.. just boost ur moral by readin de quran nd make lots of dua! keep tellin urself " i WILL get A*s in evrythin i write, Insha Allah" .. it kinda gives hope,at least 4 me, really jus try it nah? .... nd Allah will make it easy 4 us :)
 
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