A level Islamic studies

[1995@10Sept]

Give reasons to explain why al-Ash‘ari is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of early Islam.
Imam Shafi’I (Most imp of all early legal experts):
Background:
·Towering figure in sciences of fiqh
·Giant among giants of the scholars of religion
·Linguist: adept in giving more insights to Quran and its interpretations
·Other sciences such as medicine, farasaah, geneology apart from fiqh
· Able to relate and analyze Quraan and Sunnah in different lights
· Broadminded

Knowledge:
·Citadels of knowledge: Makkah: Sufyan ibn Uyaynah and language of bedouins , Madina: Imam Malik(considered best student) , Iraq: Mohd ibn al Hasan ash Shaybani (Abdul Hanif’s(AH) student) Egypt: Layth ibn Sad
·Imam Malik’s Muwatta- memorised all of it
·Layth ibn Sad: more knowledgeable and better than Malik and Abdul Hanif

What makes it different?
·So, comprehensive school of thought due to his travel as Malik only focused on Madinah, Abdul Hanif from Kufa
·Consisted of the cream of all the Madhahibs (best and most authentic of all; formulated into own Madhab)
·Encompassed fiqh of other schools of thought from teachers (direct and indirect)
·Criticism: Valid Criticism of Abdul Hanif, debate with Shaybani and Al Umm, pointed out mistakes of Malik
·Sources of law straightforward and concise unlike the other schools of thought

Ar Risalah ( relationship between Quran and Sunnah):
oQuran : for supplying raw material for legislation, sole authority to consider anything halal and haram, more deeper insight, Quran clear although some parts more clearer than others, Explicit and implicit verses of Quran
oAbout 200 citations from Quran in Risalah
oSunnah : source of law: draws heavily on it in formulating his rules and maxims of law
oQuran can only abrogate Quran, likewise Sunnah abrogates Sunnah, Quran abrogates Sunnah only after a Sunnah itself first abrogates the Sunnah
oSunnah explains Quran
oQuran and Sunnah 3 basic relations:
§Specific legal provision in text of Quran like basic duties owed to God: Salat, Zakat, adultery, Ramadhaan, prohibited foods (Sunnah conforms with it)
§Ambiguous meanings: clarified and certain provisions whose mode of observances have been made clear by Prophet e.g. No of Rakat, timing, wudhu,
§Prophet’s Sunnah: no defined ruling from Quran or no supporting text but a general command to obey the Prophet. “So whoever obeys Messenger obeys Allah” another e.g. change of Qiblah, earlier face Jerusalem no verse
§Ijtihad
oQuran: chop of hands for theft but Sunnah limit of ¼ dinar worth of stolen good
oQuran: Inheritance after debts and bequests and Sunnah: only a 1/3rd of property and debt precedence
oSunnah : inspired and is part of revelation
o indivisual opinion of the sahaba: mentioned all opinions of all sahabas but gave his own personal opinion at the end

Other sources of law:
oIjma: Rare. To be recorded according to him as passed down, he doubted it but however recounted few cases of Ijmaa and thus gave it no 3 position
oIndividual opinion of Sahabah: if differences then closest to source and most fitting one chosen
oQiyaas is analogical deduction, however he placed it last in order of preference as Quran, Sunnah and Sahabah’s opinion
oIstishaab(seeking a link): rejected Malik’s Istislaah and Abdul Hanif’s Istihsaan as Bidaah however Istishaab based on linking a later set of circumstances with an earlier set was accepted.
(Fiqhi laws applicable to certain conditions remain valid so long there it is certain that these conditions have not changed)
Books:

- Al Madhab Al Jadid (called Al Umm , earlier it was Al Madhab Al Kadim, he wrote this book to remove mistakes of his teacher Imam Malik (in syria , people considered him to be greater than the prophet) , Ar Risalah (written in response to the allegation raised by hanifs)

Is it okay?

yea this is d perfect answer i feel...atleast we have learnt all this...n u have included all the points but make sure to compare him with other imams in a bit more detail like saying he learnt both d fiqhs i.e of imam malik as well as imam abu hanifa + imam layth bin sad (in egypt) whereas they only did theirs...so he had more knowledge...futher imam malik never travelled outside madinah except for hajj so he did have many hadiths etc n imam abu hanifa was from kufa from d ahl-ul-ray ppl n during his time there were a lot off ppl fabrigating ahadith so he was very strict in considering ahadith whereas imam shafi was'nt from there....

the question is why is he considered the greatest/best among d 4 so u have to also compare it n show a contrast as to what points of his makes him d best etc....

 

[1995@10Sept]

1995@10Sept this is so tough :'(

no it's dam simple....all this is there in d notes but make sure u compare him to the others n bring out d differences to show where excelled coz only if u show how he excelled only then u agree that he is considered d gr8est among the 4

 

[AngelicBeauty]

no it's dam simple....all this is there in d notes but make sure u compare him to the others n bring out d differences to show where excelled coz only if u show how he excelled only then u agree that he is considered d gr8est among the 4

okay ya jazakALlah , but comparing the differences in the sources of law si much easier

 

[AppleCherries]

no it's dam simple....all this is there in d notes but make sure u compare him to the others n bring out d differences to show where excelled coz only if u show how he excelled only then u agree that he is considered d gr8est among the 4

okay great!

 

[AppleCherries]

okay ya jazakALlah , but comparing the differences in the sources of law si much easier

Here you just mention that how they treated Quran, Sunnah, Ijmah, Qiyaas and opinions of Sahabah right?

 

[AngelicBeauty]

Here you just mention that how they treated Quran, Sunnah, Ijmah, Qiyaas and opinions of Sahabah right?

yes , u have to compare all those common sources of shariah
sorry for such a late reply

 

[AppleCherries]

yea this is d perfect answer i feel...atleast we have learnt all this...n u have included all the points but make sure to compare him with other imams in a bit more detail like saying he learnt both d fiqhs i.e of imam malik as well as imam abu hanifa + imam layth bin sad (in egypt) whereas they only did theirs...so he had more knowledge...futher imam malik never travelled outside madinah except for hajj so he did have many hadiths etc n imam abu hanifa was from kufa from d ahl-ul-ray ppl n during his time there were a lot off ppl fabrigating ahadith so he was very strict in considering ahadith whereas imam shafi was'nt from there....

the question is why is he considered the greatest/best among d 4 so u have to also compare it n show a contrast as to what points of his makes him d best etc....

The last points of battle of Siffin, i dont understand them? Should i mention that after accepting an arbitration, Muawiya's arbitrator called for muawiya to be the caliph?

 

[AppleCherries]

yes , u have to compare all those common sources of shariah
sorry for such a late reply

No problem

For battle of Siffin should i mention that after accepting an arbitration, Muawiya's arbitrator called for muawiya to be the caliph?​

 

[AngelicBeauty]

No problem

For battle of Siffin should i mention that after accepting an arbitration, Muawiya's arbitrator called for muawiya to be the caliph?​

there is no harm if u mention itif the question is about the rise of ummayyad!!!
but if it is paticularly talking about the battle then u must mention each and every detail!!!
mention the reason y the battle took place , what happened in the battle and the consequences of the battle

 

[AppleCherries]

there is no harm if u mention itif the question is about the rise of ummayyad!!!
but if it is paticularly talking about the battle then u must mention each and every detail!!!
mention the reason y the battle took place , what happened in the battle and the consequences of the battle

·After Uthman’s murder, two parties were formed known as:
oShiane Ali : Partisans of Ali
oShiane Muawiya: Partisans of Muawiya
·Muawiya (RA)(blood relative of Hazrat Uthman) demanded that Ali (RA) find and persecute the killers of Uthman (RA)
·Muawiyyah (RA) then the governor of Syria, refused to recognize Ali (RA)
· Ali’s forces (RA) met Muawiyyah’s (RA) in the Battle of Siffin, near Euphrates
·Denied water by Muawiya
·During the battle, Ali did not want to shed Muslim blood but fought a fierce battle, and would have won
·Ammar Ibn Yasir killed from Ali’s Party (Prophet’s prophesy was that Ammar will be killed by the rebellious party)
·Ali almost won battle and Muawiya’s side was hesitant causing them to listen to Amr Ibn Al Aas who suggested raising Quran on spears to stop war and their defeat and resort to Book of Allah
·Muawiyyah called for an Arbitration and Ali (RA) the noble man that he was accepted
·When the time arrived for taking a decision about the caliphate, Amr bin al-A'as convinced Abu Musa al-Ashari into entertaining the opinion that they should deprive both Ali and Muawiya of the caliphate, and give to the Muslims the right to elect the caliph. Abu Musa al-Ashari also decided to act accordingly.
·As the time for announcing the verdict approached, the people belonging to both parties assembled. Amr bin al-A'as requested Abu Musa to take the lead in announcing the decision he favoured.
·Ali refused to accept the verdict of him stepping down and for an election to be held and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration.
·This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents of Ali in his camp were the very same people who had forced Ali to appoint their arbitrator, the Qurra who then became known as the Kharijites.
· Feeling that Ali could no longer look after their interests. Also fearing that if there was peace, they could be arrested for the murder of Uthman they broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, "arbitration belongs to God alone."
·The Qurra then became known as the Kharijites ("those who leave"). The Kharijites then started killing other people.
Okay?

 

[AngelicBeauty]

·After Uthman’s murder, two parties were formed known as:
oShiane Ali : Partisans of Ali
oShiane Muawiya: Partisans of Muawiya
·Muawiya (RA)(blood relative of Hazrat Uthman) demanded that Ali (RA) find and persecute the killers of Uthman (RA)
·Muawiyyah (RA) then the governor of Syria, refused to recognize Ali (RA)
· Ali’s forces (RA) met Muawiyyah’s (RA) in the Battle of Siffin, near Euphrates
·Denied water by Muawiya
·During the battle, Ali did not want to shed Muslim blood but fought a fierce battle, and would have won
·Ammar Ibn Yasir killed from Ali’s Party (Prophet’s prophesy was that Ammar will be killed by the rebellious party)
·Ali almost won battle and Muawiya’s side was hesitant causing them to listen to Amr Ibn Al Aas who suggested raising Quran on spears to stop war and their defeat and resort to Book of Allah
·Muawiyyah called for an Arbitration and Ali (RA) the noble man that he was accepted
·When the time arrived for taking a decision about the caliphate, Amr bin al-A'as convinced Abu Musa al-Ashari into entertaining the opinion that they should deprive both Ali and Muawiya of the caliphate, and give to the Muslims the right to elect the caliph. Abu Musa al-Ashari also decided to act accordingly.
·As the time for announcing the verdict approached, the people belonging to both parties assembled. Amr bin al-A'as requested Abu Musa to take the lead in announcing the decision he favoured.
·Ali refused to accept the verdict of him stepping down and for an election to be held and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration.
·This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents of Ali in his camp were the very same people who had forced Ali to appoint their arbitrator, the Qurra who then became known as the Kharijites.
· Feeling that Ali could no longer look after their interests. Also fearing that if there was peace, they could be arrested for the murder of Uthman they broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, "arbitration belongs to God alone."
·The Qurra then became known as the Kharijites ("those who leave"). The Kharijites then started killing other people.
Okay?

perfect(just that half of it was hidden ) , MaShaAllah , seems like u will get an A* InShaALlah

 

[AngelicBeauty]

AppleCherries jazakALlah btw , it was helpful for me

 

[AppleCherries]

JAZAKALLAH
INSHALLAH may we all get good grades

 

[AngelicBeauty]

JAZAKALLAH
INSHALLAH may we all get good grades

amen

 

[1995@10Sept]

aameen...

 

[AAnsarii]

yes i know about urf , my sir had told!
ya "dabba" is known as a horse all around the world , in general , but in syria when someone says "dabba" they mean any 4 legged animal , so if anyone is makig any dealings on buying or selling dabba in syria then they sholud be ell aware that it can be any four legged animal and not a horse. taking this into consideration imam malik has said that it will not be wrong on a persons behalf if he sells a goat(or any four legged animal) i syria in the name of dabba , because its a custom and tradition there to call any for legged animal "dabba"..................................i hope u understand.

concerning istislah , i am sorry even i am not well aware of it!! AAnsarii pls help 1995@10Sept u too!

dabbah literally, thus all around d wrld, means a four footed animal. in syria, they'd refer 2 it as a horse.

I.Abu Hanifa held "public welfare" by d term "Istihsan"(legal preference). He said if Qiyaas gives a result that happens nt 2 b very condusive 2 d masses, he gave another ruling which may have been weaker.
I.Malik assumed the same meaning & reason, ie Public Welfare, but gave d title "Istislah". For eg., there r no taxes 2 b paid by law besides d Zakah. But if d payment of additional tax is beneficial 2 d ppl n nt used unlawfully by those in authority, they may be allowed.
I.Shafi'ee rejected both the previous terms but developed "Istishab". one of his statements on d same issue was "Certainty is not removed by doubt."
AppleCherries
hope it helped
all d best. May Allah Help us all.

 

[AAnsarii]

AppleCherries 1995@10Sept AAnsarii SilentSpectator acas shaikh fille spéciale Aqsa Mohd Student of the year
Abdullah Zahid
IMAM SHAFI
1. quran: he considered it to be greater than the sunnah! sole authority to consider anything halal or haram! unlike other 3 imams he had more deep and insight knowledge of the quran.
2. sunnah: accepted sahih hadith.(no hard and fast rule like the other 3)
3. ijma: very paticular about it.
4. indivisual opinion of the sahaba: mentioned all opinions of all sahabas but gave his own personal opinion at the end.
5. qiyas: did not give much emphasis , preferred it at the end as the last alternative.
6. istishaab.
-he was the student of imam malik.
-mujaddid of the second century.
-teacher:Imam Lays Bin Saad and Imam Malik.
-books: Al Madhab Al Jadid(called Al Umm , earlier it was Al Madhab Al Kadim, he wrote this book to remive mistakes of his teacher Imam Malik because in syria , ppl considered him to be greater than the prophet) , Ar Risalah(written in response to the allegation raised by hanifs)

IMAM MALIK
1. quran: rejected anything that apparently went against the quran.
2. sunnah: any hadith in contradiction with customary ractices of the people of madina was rejected.
3. amal of madeenites.
4. ijma of sahaba: the mujtahideen of any era can do any form of ijma.
5. indivisual opinion of the sahaba: he just mentioned d opinions , he dint choose any one or give his opinion.
6. qiyas: did not deny it altogether , but mostly preferred daling with real situations.
7. isolated practice of madeenites: even if a small of ppl in madina are practicing something , it will definitely have some proof from the quran and sunnah.
8. istislah: "Allah does not burden a soul more than it can bear" so in islam no taxes other than zakah.
9. urf(local customs)
-faqih and muhaddis
-books: AL Mudawanna(fiqh rulings) , AL Muatta(anatomy)
-golden chain of narration(Prophet to abdullah bin Umar to Naafi to Imam Malik)

IMAM SHAFI'EE
1 Quran-primary.
2 Sunnah-must b authentic. 2 types: independent src of law (eg. prohibition of domesticated donkeys' meat), and an explanation of the Quran. dis approach followed by schs 2day also. result of wide study (thru Abu Hanifa's student, I. Malik, Layth ibn Sa'd's students).
3 Ijma-had serious doubts ab it. bt wn it did tk plc -sahabah, sch then- put it 3rd in authority.
4 Ind. opinion of sahabi-if conflict, gave own judgement 4m d 2.
5 qiyas
6 Istishab-eg. if sby missing, doubtful if dead/alive, consider alive coz "Certainty is nt removed by doubt".

IMAM MALIK
1 Quran-no condition
2 Sunnah
3 Amal of Madinites-cz descendants of Sahabah & Pr(saw) spent last 10 yrs of lyf here. their doing sth meant Pr(s) must hv encouraged it.
4
5
6 Qiyas-cautious cz subjective
7
8
9
Mudawwanah ws his student's bk

 

[fille spéciale]

yes i know about urf , my sir had told!
ya "dabba" is known as a horse all around the world , in general , but in syria when someone says "dabba" they mean any 4 legged animal , so if anyone is makig any dealings on buying or selling dabba in syria then they sholud be ell aware that it can be any four legged animal and not a horse. taking this into consideration imam malik has said that it will not be wrong on a persons behalf if he sells a goat(or any four legged animal) i syria in the name of dabba , because its a custom and tradition there to call any for legged animal "dabba"..................................i hope u understand.

concerning istislah , i am sorry even i am not well aware of it!! AAnsarii pls help 1995@10Sept u too!

daaba= horse in syria
others=4 legged animals
imam malik said "while doin trade in syria ,consider daba as "horse" n not as "4 legged animals" cuz dat waz their custom .

Jazakallah for all your help!

i think this is correct ^^^
AAnsarii 1995@10Sept plz help.

 

[AAnsarii]

daaba= horse in syria
others=4 legged animals
imam malik said "while doin trade in syria ,consider daba as "horse" n not as "4 legged animals" cuz dat waz their custom .


i think this is correct ^^^
AAnsarii 1995@10Sept plz help.

sahih, i think. wallahu a'lam

 

[AppleCherries]

aameen...

12 Imams after me… then kingship…then Mahdi
what do u mean from this?